Archaic Pottery of Coastal Caria: Milesian Type Trade Amphorae, Some Questions and Preliminary Observations on the Production and the Distribution of Regional Amphora
Bekir ÖZER
PHASELIS IV (2018) 89-107
DOI: 10.18367/Pha.18007
Geliş Tarihi: 12.03.2018 | Kabul Tarihi: 04.04.2018
Elektronik Yayın Tarihi: 25.04.2018
Telif Hakkı © PHASELIS Disiplinlerarası Akdeniz Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2018
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Öz: Miletos tipinde amphoralar Pedasa kazıları buluntusu amphoraların yaklaşık %90 civarındaki bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Miletos ve çevresinde yaygın olan bant ve dalgalı çizgi bezeliler (Fig. 1 no: 1-4) ve bezemesiz (Fig. 2 no: 5-9) ticari amphoralar, Miletos tipleri ile kronolojik ve tipolojik birliktelik içerisindedirler. Bu amphoraların Kıyı Karia’nın amphora tiplerini oluşturması, bölgede birçok yerde üretilmiş olabileceklerine işaret etmektedir. Pedasa buluntularının önemli bir kısmının ise Miletos kaynaklı olduğu önerilmektedir. Mykale ile Bybassos arasındaki bölgesel amphora üretiminin, Miletos’un Arkaik Dönem ticaretinin boyutlarına etkisi ancak kil analizlerinin yapılmasından sonra anlaşılabilecektir. Üretim bölgesinin coğrafi boyutu göz önüne alındığında, Miletoslu ve Karialı tüccarların Miletos tipinde amphoralarla taşıdıkları ticari değere dönüşmüş tarımsal ürünlerin, Arkaik Dönem ticaretinde önemli bir paya sahip olmadığı görülmektedir. Bu yorum tarımsal ürünlerin sadece yerel amphoralarla taşınması durumunda geçerlidir. Amphoraların bölgesel dağılımı, yakın bölgelerarası ticari ilişkilerin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Knidos ve Kos’un şarabı ve Keramos Körfezi kuzeyinde üretilen zeytinyağı, Miletos tipinde amphoralarla taşınarak, Miletos başta olmak üzere Pedasa, Iasos gibi bölge yerleşimlerinde yerel ihtiyacı karşılamak üzere kullanılmış olmalıdır.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Karia, Pedasa, Arkaik Seramik, Miletos Tipinde Amphora
Abstract: First observations from Pedasa excavations attest that nearly %90 of all Archaic amphorae from the site are of Milesian type. Amphorae with banded and wavy lined decoration (Fig. 1 no: 1-4) which are common at Miletus and its environs and trade amphorae without any decoration (Fig. 2 no: 5-9) are infact related chronologically and typologically. Milesian types might have been produced in several places in the region since they form the major amphora type of Coastal Caria. However, It seems likely that most amphora finds from Pedasa might actually have Milesian origin. Clay analyses would contribute to our understanding of the impact of regional scale amphora production taken place between Mycale and Bybassos on the trade connections of Archaic Miletos. Considering the geographical extend of the production area, agricultural commodities carried in Milesian type amphorae distributed by Milesian and Carian merchants do not have a significant place in Archaic trade. This suggestion is true if amphora is taken as the only vessel for transportation of the commodities. Regional distribution of amphorae contributes to the understanding of interregional trade relations. Knidian and Koan wines and olive oil produced in the north of Keramos Gulf may have been transported in Milesian type amphorae for local use in the cities of the region including Miletos, Pedasa and Iasos.
Keywords: Caria, Pedasa, Archaic Pottery, Milesian Type Amphora
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Bekir ÖZER
Dr. Öğr. Ü., Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü, Muğla, bekirozer@mu.edu.tr