The Impact of Rhodes Over the Economy of Eastern Mediterranean Sea and Her Political Structure (425-300 BC)
Muzaffer DEMİR
PHASELIS IV (2018) 161-175
DOI: 10.18367/Pha.18010
Geliş Tarihi: 21.03.2018 | Kabul Tarihi: 16.05.2018
Elektronik Yayın Tarihi: 04.06.2018
Telif Hakkı © PHASELIS Disiplinlerarası Akdeniz Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2018
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Öz: Rhodos, erken dönemlerden itibaren güçlü bir askeri donanmaya ve deniz ticaretiyle uğraşan tüccar sınıfına sahip ola gelmiştir. Rhodos özellikle doğuya doğru Güney Anadolu sahilleri ve Levant üzerinden Mısır’a, batıya doğru Kiklad adaları ve kent devletleri, kuzeye doğru Küçük Asya kıyı adaları ve kent devletleri ve Karadeniz’e kadar uzanan özellikle hububat ticaret yolları üzerinde merkezi bir stratejik konumu elinde tutmuştur. Bu durum adanın liman gelirlerine ve refah seviyesine yansımıştır. Güçlü olduğu VIII. yüzyılın ilk yarısı ve III. yüzyılın sonlarında bölgesinde deniz güvenliğini, hâkimiyetini ve ticaretini elinde tutabilmiştir. Ancak Klasik Dönem V. yüzyılda Persler, Spartalılar ve Atinalılar gibi bölgenin büyük güçlü devletleri arasında denge politikaları sayesinde ayakta kalmayı başarmıştır. Rhodos’un özellikle IV. yüzyılda kendi içinden de destek alan bu büyük güçlerin etkisi altında sık sık taraf değiştirdiğine ve hatta Atina’nın desteklediği demokrasiden, Pers ve Spartalıların desteklediği oligarşi yönetimine kaydığına şahit olmaktayız. Rhodos, IV. yüzyılın sonlarına doğru ticari açıdan avantajlı olacağını düşünerek Büyük İskender sonrası Diadokhoi krallarının her biri ile dostluklar kurmaya çalışmış ve onların birbirleriyle olan savaşlarına katılmamaya çaba harcamıştır. 305 yılında Makedonya kralı I. Antigonos’un oğlu Demetrios’un ısrarlarına rağmen, kendi ticareti ve gelirleri açısından önemli bir yer olan Mısır kralı I. Ptolemaios’un safında yer almış ve büyük bir kuşatma sonucunda teslim olmak zorunda kalmıştır.
Anahtar Sözcükler: Rhodos, Ticaret, Politika ve Klasik Dönem
Abstract: Rhodes, from the earlier times onwards, had continued to maintain a powerful military navy and a trading class. From a strategical point of view, she was especially at the center of grain trade extending towards the east, from the southern coasts of Anatolia to the Levantine and then to the Egypth, towards the West to the Cylades and to the the important city-states of Greece as well as towards the North, to the coastal islands and the cities of Asia Minor and finally ending with the city-states of Black Sea. This position of the island seems to have reflected itself on her welfare. During the first half of the VIIIth century and the last quarter of the IVth century when she was very strong, she held the control, security and the trade of the sea in her region. Yet, she seems to have succeeded in standing on her own during the Vth century BC by watching out the policy of balance among the big powers such as Athens, Sparta and Persia. Rhodes appears to have often changed sides during the IVth century BC by means of the support from the interior factions who collaborated with the foreign powers; she adopted the rule of democracy by the intervention and support of Athens and the rule of oligarchy by those of Persia and Sparta. Towards the end of the IVth century BC, having thought it useful from a commercial point of view, she strove to establish friendships with the kings of Diadochoi after the death of Alexander the Great and not to interfere in the wars among those kings. Despite this, she was obliged to make alliance with the Egyptian king Ptolemy I due to her close trade relations when Demetrius, the son of Antigonus I, insisted on making Rhodes to take side with himself. As a result of this, she was put under a heavy blockade by Demetrius and had to surrender to him in 305 BC.
Keywords: Rhodes, Trade, Politics and Classical Period
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Muzaffer DEMİR
Prof. Dr., Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, dmuzaffer@mu.edu.tr