Tymno-Karians or Transformers of the Bozburun Peninsula during the Hellenistic Period? Retrospective Reflections of a Demos on the Karian Cultural Heritage

Tymno-Karians or Transformers of the Bozburun Peninsula during the Hellenistic Period? Retrospective Reflections of a Demos on the Karian Cultural Heritage

Kar-Tymnoslular ya da Bozburun Yarımadası’nın Hellenistik Dönemdeki Dönüştürücüleri? Bir Halkın Karya Kültürel Miras Üzerindeki Geçmişe Dönük Yansımaları

E. Deniz OĞUZ-KIRCA

PHASELIS IV (2018) 259-294
DOI: 10.18367/Pha.18017
Geliş Tarihi: 31.05.2018   | Kabul Tarihi: 18.09.2018
Elektronik Yayın Tarihi: 25.10.2018
Telif Hakkı © PHASELIS Disiplinlerarası Akdeniz Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2018

Abstract: This paper examines the local imprints within which Karian patterns might have been embedded in the centrum and territorium of ancient Tymnos, in modern Bozburun Peninsula. The primary goal of the paper is to explore the way in which the Tymnian community and the associated ethnos, could have expressed themselves via multiple means, in the course of Hellenization and transition process of the Peninsula into the patronage of the Island of Rhodes, as back as the late Classical period. It presents, as a rough estimate, a spatial autopsy and a sketchy vectoral habitat of the epigraphical material (mostly of the IInd century B.C-Ist century A.D) regardless of in situ/ non in situ condition, over a 2.5 km radius of the physical domain, by referring to the published corpus epigraphicum. It then explicates quite a general socio-cultural pattern of the oldest inhabitants, in light of the assimilated deities of the town as reflected through the cultic system of the Karians and ancient Peninsulars and, in a variety of contexts. As the discussions lead and the results display, scant but challenging indicators can suggest a Tymniannes, with a sense of autonomy, preferably achieved through the divine epithets, perhaps the political posts and minorities (if not the elite “Ρόδιοι” or “μέτοικοι”) and imagery of ονόματα in the economic framework. We can, on the contrary, neither articulate the loci to which the Tymnian identity or the respective onomastics are linkable with precision nor a fully showcased indigenousness at a single event.

Keywords: Karia, Peraia, Tymnos, Lex Sacra, Hera and Zeus, Kataibatas, Eranos, Hemithea

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Öz: Bu çalışma, modern Bozburun Yarımadası’ndaki antik Tymnos’un merkezinde ve teritoryumunda yerleşik olabilen Karia kökenine iilişkin yerel izleri sorgulamaktadır. Metnin temel amacı, yarımadanın Geç Klasik Dönem’e kadar uzanan Hellenleşmesi boyunca ve Rodos Adası’nın himayesine geçişi sürecinde, Tymnos ahalisinin ve ilişkili ethnosun çeşitli yollarla kendilerini ifade etme şeklini araştırmaktır. Çalışma, yayımlanmış yazıt külliyatına başvurmak suretiyle ve tahmini olarak 2.5 km yarıçapındaki fiziksel bir etki alanındaki epigrafik malzemenin (ekseriyetle MÖ II – MS I. yüzyıl), in situ olma/olmama durumuna bakmak­sızın, mekansal incelemesini ve kabataslak vektörel çevresini sunmaktadır. Sonrasında, en eski sakinlerin oldukça genel bir sosyo-kültürel yapısını, Karların ve antik yarımadalıların kült sistemi aracılığıyla yansıtıldığı üzere kentin asimile olmuş ilahları ışığında ve çeşitli kontekstlerde açıklamaktadır. Tartışmaların rehber­liğinde ve sonuçların gösterdiği üzere, kısıtlı ancak düşündürücü belirtiler, tercihen kutsal epithetler, belki siyasi makamlar ve azınlıklar (kalburüstü Rodoslular-“Ρόδιοι” veya metikler-“μέτοικοι”) ve, ekonomi çer­çe­vesindeki isimlerin (ονόματα) betimleri üzerinden varılan özyönetim düşüncesi bağlamında bir Tymnosluluk durumu ortaya koyabilir. Buna karşılık, kesin olarak Tymnosluluk kimliğiyle ya da ilgili isimlerle iliş­ki­lendirilebilecek ne bir yer ne de özel bir durum için bütünüyle teşhir edilen bir yerlilik telaffuz edebiliriz.

Anahtar sözcükler: Karia, Peraia, Tymnos, Kutsal Yasa, Hera ve Zeus, Kataibatas, Eranos, Hemithea

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Searchable Greek Inscriptions. A Scholarly Tool in Progress (The Packard Humanities Institute- Project Centers/ Attica (IG (I-III) IG I3; Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]); Asia Minor: Caria, Rhodian Peraia: IK Rhodische Peraia, McCabe, Rhodian Peraia; Caria: McCabe, Iasos; Cilicia and Isauria: IK Anazarbos, I; Ionia: Milet VI,3; Caria: McCabe,Mylasa; Lycia: Petersen and Luschan, Reisen im südwestlichen Kleinasien II; Lycia: Petzl, in: Freyer-Schauenburg, Lykische Zwölfgötter-Reliefs; SEG (Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum) (30.03.2018). Accessed from: http://epigraphy.packhum.org /inscriptions/main

 

E. D. Oğuz-Kırca, “Tymno-Karians or Transformers of the Bozburun Peninsula during the Hellenistic Period? Retrospective Reflections of a Demos on the Karian Cultural Heritage”. Phaselis IV (2018) 259-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.18367/Pha.18017

http://dx.doi.org/10.18367/Pha.18017

E. Deniz OĞUZ-KIRCA

Post-Doctoral Researcher, University of the Aegean, Department of Mediterranean Studies, Lab. of Archaeo­metry and Lab. of Environmental Archaeology, Rhodes, Greece. zedok33@gmail.com