Pedasa Athena Kutsal Alanı: Fenike Kökenli Kemik Oymalar ve Yakın Doğu Bağlantıları Üzerine Bazı Görüşler

Pedasa Athena Kutsal Alanı: Fenike Kökenli Kemik Oymalar ve Yakın Doğu Bağlantıları Üzerine Bazı Görüşler

The Sanctuary of Athena in Pedasa: Phoenician Bone Carvings and Some Remarks on the Near Eastern Contacts

Hülya BULUT
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-9145

PHASELIS V (2019) 101-124
DOI: 10.18367/Pha.19005
Received Date: 05.02.2019  | Acceptance Date: 22.02.2019
Online Publication Date: 26.03.2019

Öz: Bu çalışma, Bodrum Yarımadası’ndaki yerleşimlerden biri olan Pedasa’da Athena Kutsal Alanı’na adanan Hathor betimli kemik levha ve kadın başı gibi birkaç özel nitelikli sunu ve kentin Yakın Doğu bağlantıları üzerine bir değerlendirmenin ilk sonuçlarını kapsar. MÖ VII. yüzyıla tarihlenen ahşap mücevher kutusu kakması olan Hathor betimli kemik levha parçasının çok az sayıdaki örneği, Kamiros, Didyma Apollon Tapınağı ve Samos Heraion’dan bilinmektedir. Stilistik değerlendirmeler, Mısırlı bir tanrıça betimine sahip olmakla birlikte adı geçen merkezlerden gelen buluntuların Fenike kökenli bir atölyenin ürünleri olmaları gerektiğini ileri sürer. Bu prestij ürünleri, kente ticaret yoluyla ulaşmış olabileceği gibi Doğu Akdeniz’den ana vatanlarına dönen Karialılar tarafından, tanrıçaya şükran sunusu olarak da adanmış olabilir. Böylece antik kaynaklar ve arkeolojik verilerin daha önce ileri sürdüğü gibi MÖ VII. yüzyılda Yakın Doğu’da tüccar, paralı asker veya taş ustası olarak görev yapan Karialıların varlığının yeni kanıtlarından söz edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Karia, Pedasa, Athena Kutsal Alanı, Hathor, Fenike Kemik Oymacılığı

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Abstract: In the sanctuary of Athena in Pedasa, a Lelegian-Carian settlement located on the Bodrum peninsula, have recently been unearthed some prestigious artefacts, considered as indicators for international contacts of the local elites. This article presents first observations on the Near Eastern contacts according to diagnostic votive offerings, such as a bone plaque with an incised depiction of Hathor, and a female head. A limited number of similar examples of bone plaques pertained to Hathor and dated to the VIIth century B.C., were found in a grave in Camirus, as well as in the Apollo Sanctuary of Didyma, and in the Samian Heraion. They may have served as inlays of wooden boxes. Although the plaques demonstrate an Egyptian goddess, the stylistic evolution suggests, that all aforementioned examples must have been carved in a Phoenician workshop, which was most probably located in the east Mediterranean littoral. The bone plaque with Hathor depiction and the female figurine might have reached Pedasa via trade connections; alternatively, they might have been dedicated to Athena by the Carians to express their gratitude to the goddess and to celebrate their personal courage and success when they had returned safely to the homeland from the Eastern Mediterranean. Thus, they may present new evidence for the presence of the Carians in the Near East in the VIIth century BC, serving as mercenaries, merchants or stonemasons, as is already attested by the ancient literary sources and archaeological evidence.

Keywords: Caria, Pedasa, Athena Sanctuary, Hathor, Phoenician bone carving

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H. Bulut, “Pedasa Athena Kutsal Alanı: Fenike Kökenli Kemik Oymalar ve Yakın Doğu Bağlantıları Üzerine Bazı Görüşler”. Phaselis V (2019) 101-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.18367/Pha.19005

http://dx.doi.org/10.18367/Pha.19005

Hülya BULUT

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Hülya Bulut, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Arkeoloji Bölümü 48000 Kötekli / Muğla. hulyabulut@mu.edu.tr
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5333-9145