{"id":1864,"date":"2017-06-13T11:33:06","date_gmt":"2017-06-13T08:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/uncategorized\/pha-0044"},"modified":"2017-06-13T16:47:42","modified_gmt":"2017-06-13T13:47:42","slug":"pha-0044","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/2017_en\/pha-0044","title":{"rendered":"Antik\u00e7a\u011f Tiyatrolar\u0131nda Akustik \u00dczerine Bir De\u011ferlendirme"},"content":{"rendered":"

An Evaluation of Acoustics of Theaters in Antiquity<\/h4>\n

C\u00fcneyt \u00d6Z
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

PHASELIS<\/em> III (2017) 119-132<\/strong>
\nDOI<\/strong>: 10.18367\/Pha.17006
\nReceived Date:<\/strong> 27.02.2017 | Acceptance Date: <\/strong>30.05.2017
\nOnline Publication Date:<\/strong> 13.06.2017
\nCopyright \u00a9 PHASELIS Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies, 2017<\/p>\n

<\/div><\/div>\n

\n\t
\n\t\t\n

\"pdf\"\u00a0 Get PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"references\"\u00a0<\/strong> View PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"info\"\u00a0 References<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n

\n\t\t

<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>
<\/div>\n

\u00d6z<\/strong>: <\/span>Antik\u00e7a\u011fda toplum \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip olan tiyatro sanat\u0131, Hellenlerle birlikte, M\u00d6 VI. ve V. y\u00fczy\u0131lda orkestra, theatron (cavea) ve skene (sahne binas\u0131) gibi \u00fc\u00e7 ana elemandan olu\u015fan mimari bir yap\u0131ya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Arkaik D\u00f6nem\u2019de orkestra k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla ba\u015flay\u0131p, Hellenistik D\u00f6nem\u2019de geli\u015fen tiyatro mimarisi nihai ve son \u015fekline Roma D\u00f6nemi\u2019nde ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hellen ve Roma tiyatrolar\u0131 plan olarak birbirlerinden ayr\u0131lan y\u00f6nlere sahip olsa da, asl\u0131nda hizmet ettikleri ama\u00e7 ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Antik tiyatrolar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda, dikkat edilerek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gereken bir\u00e7ok konu varken, akustik de bunlardan bir tanesidir. Tiyatrolardaki akustik, ses ve duyum \u00fczerine kuruludur. Antik\u00e7a\u011fda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki gibi sesi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecek ve yay\u0131l\u0131m h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131racak ara\u00e7 gere\u00e7lerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna ra\u011fmen tiyatrolarda akusti\u011fin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6ntem denenmi\u015f ve uygulanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tiyatrolarda akusti\u011fin iyi sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle tiyatro yap\u0131lacak yerin se\u00e7imi \u00f6nemlidir. Sonras\u0131nda cavean\u0131n oturtulaca\u011f\u0131 yamac\u0131n e\u011fimi, yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan matematiksel oranlar ve diazoman\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi, aralar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilecek bronz ses k\u00fcplerinin Aristoksenus\u2019un m\u00fczik sistemine g\u00f6re d\u00fczenlenmesi gibi daha bir\u00e7ok konu akusti\u011fin iyile\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik olarak tiyatrolarda uygulanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sahne binalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fim s\u00fcreci de tiyatro akusti\u011fine \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu makalenin amac\u0131, antik\u00e7a\u011f tiyatrolar\u0131ndaki akusti\u011fin nas\u0131l sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 irdeleyerek, sizlere sunmakt\u0131r.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Anahtar S\u00f6zc\u00fckler:<\/strong><\/span> Antik\u00e7a\u011f, Tiyatro, Ses, Harmoni, Akustik<\/p>\n

Top<\/a><\/div>\n

Abstract:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>Performing arts, which had an essential role in the societies of antiquity, was transformed into an architectural structure, which consists of orchestra, theatron (cavea) and skene (stage structure) by the Greeks between VI. and V. centuries BC. Architectural form of theatre, which had emerged simply as orchestra in the archaic period, and developed through Hellenistic period, found its final form in the Roman period. Although architectural plans of Greek and Roman theatres vary in some ways, essentially, they both serve the same purpose. Acoustics is one of the many subjects which requires careful consideration in design of ancient theatres. Acoustics in these theatres are arranged based on sound and sense of hearing. Although, unlike today, tools of amplifying sound and its propagation velocity had not been an option, many methods had been tried and employed in order to improve the acoustic quality of theatres. Primarily, site selection for the theater is vital for the acoustic quality of the theater. Apart from this, slope of the hillside on which the cavea stand, arithmetical ratios which are used during the construction process, height of diazoma, the arrangement of bronze acoustic jars amid cavea in accordance with Aristoxenus\u2019 musical theory were all carefully assessed and tried in order to improve the acoustic quality in theatres. Additionally, development of the stage building through time had considerably contributed to acoustic quality. This paper aims to examine how acoustic quality of theatres in antiquity was secured.<\/p>\n

Keywords: <\/span><\/strong>Antiquity, Theatre, Sound, Harmony, Acoustics<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

<\/a>