{"id":5918,"date":"2025-12-31T08:50:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T05:50:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/?p=5918"},"modified":"2025-12-31T14:25:52","modified_gmt":"2025-12-31T11:25:52","slug":"pha-0182","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/uncategorized\/pha-0182","title":{"rendered":"An Ethnoarchaeological Study on Olive Cultivation and Olive Oil Production from the Prehistoric Period to the Present in Hatay: The Case of Toka\u00e7l\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hatay’da Prehistorik D\u00f6nem’den G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Zeytin Yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ve Zeytinya\u011f\u0131 \u00dcretimine Y\u00f6nelik Etnoarkeolojik Bir \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Toka\u00e7l\u0131 \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Hasan Onur TIBIKO\u011eLU<\/strong>
\n\"\" https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7046-0094<\/a><\/sub><\/p>\n

Banu \u00d6ZD\u0130LEK<\/strong>
\n\"\" https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5803-5386<\/a><\/sub><\/p>\n

Canan KARATA\u015e Y\u00dcKSEL<\/strong>
\n\"\" https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3964-8333<\/a><\/sub><\/p>\n

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PHASELIS<\/em> XI (2025) 15-41
\n<\/strong>DOI<\/strong>: 10.5281\/zenodo.16279304
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 12.05.2025 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 25.05.2025
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 21.07.2025<\/p>\n

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Abstract<\/strong>: The Levant Region, located at the northern end of Hatay, has been home to the wild olive tree, a common species of the Eastern Mediterranean\u2019s natural vegetation, since the Pleistocene. This region, key to humanity\u2019s cultural development, is where olives were first cultivated during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Ages. Archaeological research reveals that olive cultivation and oil production were prominent economic activities, especially during the Roman Period. Maintaining its economic significance during the Ottoman era, olive production continues today in Alt\u0131n\u00f6z\u00fc, Yaylada\u011f\u0131, and Samanda\u011f, where olives are processed on the limestone plateau slopes. Modern olive oil production is industrialized, yet ancient methods are still practiced in some villages for personal consumption and to meet market demands for high-quality products. Rural areas host olive pressing devices either in private gardens or communal spaces. The transformation of olives into olive oil in Hatay reflects ancient technical practices, sociological production organization, and the agricultural society\u2019s traditions and beliefs. In this context, Toka\u00e7l\u0131 Village in Hatay is a significant traditional production area, providing valuable insights into the continuity of these practices.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: Olive and Olive Oil, Hatay-Antakya-Toka\u00e7l\u0131 Village, Ethnoarchaeology, Antiocheia ad Orontes, Toka\u00e7l\u0131 Village<\/p>\n

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\u00d6z<\/strong>: Hatay’\u0131n kuzey ucunda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Levant B\u00f6lgesi, Pleistosen \u00e7a\u011fdan bu yana Do\u011fu Akdeniz’in do\u011fal bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn yayg\u0131n t\u00fcrlerinden biri olan yabani zeytin a\u011fac\u0131na sahipli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fim s\u00fcrecinde kilit bir role sahip olan bu b\u00f6lge, ayn\u0131 zamanda zeytin a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n ilk kez yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fi yerdir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, evcille\u015ftirilmi\u015f zeytinin ilk olarak Kalkolitik ve Erken Tun\u00e7 \u00c7a\u011flar\u0131nda bu b\u00f6lgede yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. B\u00f6lgede yap\u0131lan arkeolojik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, \u00f6zellikle Roma D\u00f6nemi’nde zeytin yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ve zeytinya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretiminin yayg\u0131n bir ekonomik faaliyet oldu\u011funu ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde de kent ekonomisi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemini koruyan zeytin, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de Alt\u0131n\u00f6z\u00fc, Yaylada\u011f\u0131 ve Samanda\u011f il\u00e7elerini kapsayan kalker masif platonun tepe yama\u00e7lar\u0131nda i\u015flenerek zeytinya\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Modern zeytinya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimi genellikle sanayile\u015fmi\u015f bir sistemle i\u015flenmektedir. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerde yerle\u015fimciler hem bireysel t\u00fcketimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak hem de pazar\u0131n kaliteli \u00fcr\u00fcn talebi nedeniyle zeytinya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretiminde eski s\u00fcre\u00e7leri takip etmektedir. K\u0131rsal yerle\u015fimlerde evlerde \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete ait zeytin s\u0131kma cihazlar\u0131\/mekanizmalar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hatay’da zeytinin yeti\u015ftiricilikten zeytinya\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, antik d\u00f6nemin teknik uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sosyolojik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin \u00fcretimdeki rol\u00fc ve \u00f6zellikle tar\u0131m toplumunun gelenek ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131na dair kavray\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 geni\u015fletecek bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 izlemektedir. Bu ba\u011flamda Hatay \u0130li Alt\u0131n\u00f6z\u00fc \u0130l\u00e7esi Toka\u00e7l\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc \u00f6nemli bir geleneksel \u00fcretim alan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anahtar Kelimeler:<\/strong>Zeytin-Zeytinya\u011f\u0131, Hatay-Antakya, Etnoarkeoloji, Antiocheia ad Orontes, Toka\u00e7l\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc<\/p>\n

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