{"id":5975,"date":"2025-12-31T15:19:51","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T12:19:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/?p=5975"},"modified":"2025-12-31T15:19:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-31T12:19:51","slug":"pha-0184","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/2025\/pha-0184","title":{"rendered":"Beyond Typology: Compositional Analysis of Grave Goods from Tralleis Western Necropolis Using Portable XRF Spectrometry"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tipolojinin \u00d6tesinde: Tralleis Bat\u0131 Nekropol\u00fc Mezar E\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n Ta\u015f\u0131nabilir XRF Spektrometrisi ile Bile\u015fimsel Analizi<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Arzu \u00d6ZVER<\/strong>
\n\"\" https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4211-4933<\/a><\/sub><\/p>\n

Salih SOSLU<\/b>
\n\"\" https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003- 2045-116X<\/a><\/sub><\/p>\n

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PHASELIS<\/em> XI (2025) 57-73
\n<\/strong>DOI<\/strong>: 10.5281\/zenodo.17373258
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 10.07.2025 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 15.08.2025
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 17.10.2025<\/p>\n

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Abstract<\/strong>: The archaeological study of necropoleis has traditionally relied on typological and stylistic analyses, often lacking comprehensive archaeometric investigations that could provide deeper insights into ancient material culture, production technologies, and socio-economic networks. This study addresses this methodological gap by presenting an interdisciplinary archaeometric investigation of grave goods excavated in 2017 from the Western Necropolis of the of Tralleis, located in the Kemer neighborhood of Efeler district, Ayd\u0131n province. Despite the archaeological significance of Tralleis as a major Hellenistic and Roman urban center in western Anatolia, systematic scientific analyses of its necropolis assemblages have remained conspicuously absent from scholarly discourse. Employing portable X-ray Fluorescence (p-XRF) spectrometry, this research examines a representative corpus of funerary deposits recovered from chamber tombs, stone cist tombs, tile graves, pithos burials, and cremation urns. The analytical protocol encompasses both ceramic artifacts\u2014including lamps, lykion vessels, situlae, jugs, and transport amphorae\u2014and metal objects such as mirrors, bracelets, and rings. The p-XRF analyses yield critical data concerning compositional characteristics, clay provenance, firing technologies, and alloy compositions, thereby illuminating aspects of craft specialization, trade networks, and ritual practices. This investigation represents the first comprehensive archaeometric study of Tralleis necropolis material, transcending conventional descriptive approaches through the integration of advanced analytical methodologies. The findings contribute significantly to our understanding of mortuary practices, technological traditions, and regional exchange systems in ancient Caria during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: Tralleis, p-XRF Analysis, Necropolis Assemblages, Ceramic Archaeometry, Metallurgical Analysis<\/p>\n

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\u00d6z<\/strong>: Nekropolis alanlar\u0131n\u0131n arkeolojik incelemesi geleneksel olarak tipolojik ve stilistik analizlere dayanmakta, antik materyal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, \u00fcretim teknolojileri ve sosyo-ekonomik a\u011flar hakk\u0131nda daha derin i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler sa\u011flayabilecek kapsaml\u0131 arkeometrik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan yoksun kalmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Ayd\u0131n ili Efeler il\u00e7esi Kemer mahallesinde yer alan Tralleis\u2019in Bat\u0131 Nekropolis’inde 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kaz\u0131larda ele ge\u00e7en mezar buluntular\u0131n\u0131n disiplinleraras\u0131 arkeometrik incelemesini sunarak bu metodolojik bo\u015flu\u011fu gidermeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Tralleis’in Bat\u0131 Anadolu’daki \u00f6nemli bir Hellenistik ve Roma d\u00f6nemi kent merkezi olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, nekropolis buluntular\u0131n\u0131n sistematik bilimsel analizleri akademik literat\u00fcrde belirgin bi\u00e7imde eksik kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131nabilir X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Floresan (p-XRF) spektrometrisi kullan\u0131larak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma, oda mezarlar, ta\u015f sanduka mezarlar, kiremit mezarlar, pithos g\u00f6m\u00fcler ve kremasyon urnelerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan temsili bir cenaze buluntular\u0131 korpusunu incelemektedir. Analitik protokol, kandiller, lykion kaplar\u0131, situlalar, testiler ve ticari amphoralar gibi seramik eserlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra aynalar, bilezikler ve y\u00fcz\u00fckler gibi metal nesneleri de kapsamaktad\u0131r. p-XRF analizleri, bile\u015fimsel \u00f6zellikler, kil k\u00f6keni, pi\u015firme teknolojileri ve ala\u015f\u0131m kompozisyonlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kritik veriler sunarak zanaat uzmanla\u015fmas\u0131, ticaret a\u011flar\u0131 ve rit\u00fcel uygulamalar\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nlerini ayd\u0131nlatmaktad\u0131r. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma, Tralleis nekropolis malzemesinin ilk kapsaml\u0131 arkeometrik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmekte ve ileri analitik metodolojilerin entegrasyonu yoluyla geleneksel betimleyici yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bulgular, Hellenistik ve Roma d\u00f6nemlerinde antik Karia B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ndeki \u00f6l\u00fc g\u00f6mme pratikleri, teknolojik gelenekler ve b\u00f6lgesel de\u011fi\u015fim sistemlerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/strong>Tralleis, p-XRF Analiz, Nekropol Buluntu Topluluklar\u0131, Seramik Arkeometrisi, Metal\u00fcrjik<\/p>\n

Analiz<\/p>\n

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