{"id":6043,"date":"2026-04-10T14:39:18","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T11:39:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/?p=6043"},"modified":"2026-04-20T11:58:47","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T08:58:47","slug":"pha-0192","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/2026-2\/pha-0192","title":{"rendered":"The Expropriation of Antiquity: Western Travelers, Lycian Monuments, and the Origins of Ottoman Cultural Sovereignty"},"content":{"rendered":"

Antikitenin Gasp Edili\u015fi: Bat\u0131l\u0131 Seyyahlar, Lykia An\u0131tlar\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Egemenli\u011finin K\u00f6kenler<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

G\u00dcLS\u00dcN ACAR<\/strong>
\n\"\" https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9498-1318<\/a><\/sub><\/p>\n

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PHASELIS<\/em> XII (2026) 15-49
\n<\/strong>DOI<\/strong>: 10.5281\/zenodo.19466432<\/a>
\nReceived Date<\/strong>: 08.01.2026 | Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 17.03.2026
\nOnline Publication Date<\/strong>: 09.04.2026<\/p>\n

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Abstract<\/strong>: Focusing on the geographies of Lycia, Pamphylia, and Cilicia, this article problematizes the 19th century expeditions of Western travelers and archaeologists (C. Fellows, T. A. B. Spratt, E. Forbes, E. T. Daniell, J. A. Sch\u00f6nborn and O. Benndorf). While traditionally framed as scientific progress and the preservation of universal heritage, these missions are analyzed through an epistemological and ontological perspective to expose their underlying extractive nature. The study examines the transition from romantic antiquarianism to multidisciplinary topographic archaeology, driven by cartography, visibility analyses, and epigraphic documentation. It argues that massive logistical extractions, such as the transfers of the Trysa Heroon to Vienna and the Nereid Monument to the British Museum, constituted ontological ruptures. These events necessitated a reconstruction of cultural property perception within the Ottoman Empire. Grounded in primary travelogues and unexplored documents from the Ottoman Archives (BOA), the research demonstrates how this evolved into a bureaucratic and legal reflex of sovereignty, culminating in the 1884 Antiquities Regulation (\u00c2s\u00e2r-\u0131 At\u00eeka Nizamn\u00e2mesi<\/em>) under Osman Hamdi Bey. Ultimately, the article exposes the historical conflict between metropolitan museums severing objects from their contexts and the emerging Ottoman ideal of in situ preservation, showing how Western exploration paradoxically catalyzed Ottoman cultural independence.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: Archaeological Historiography, 19th Century Travelers, Lycian Studies, Cultural Property, Ottoman Antiquities Legislation<\/p>\n

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\u00d6z<\/strong>: Pamphylia ve Kilikia co\u011frafyalar\u0131na odaklanan bu makale, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l Bat\u0131l\u0131 seyyah ve arkeologlar\u0131n\u0131n (C. Fellows, T. A. B. Spratt, E. Forbes, E. T. Daniell, J. A. Sch\u00f6nborn ve O. Benndorf) ke\u015fif faaliyetlerini sorunsalla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Geleneksel olarak bilimsel ilerleme ve evrensel miras\u0131n korunmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ele al\u0131nan bu misyonlar, temelindeki kaynak aktar\u0131mc\u0131 do\u011fay\u0131 ortaya koymak amac\u0131yla epistemolojik ve ontolojik bir perspektifle analiz edilmektedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, haritac\u0131l\u0131k, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck analizleri ve epigrafik belgeleme gibi y\u00f6ntemlerin y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi, romantik antikac\u0131l\u0131ktan multidisipliner topo\u011frafik arkeolojiye ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecini incelemektedir. Trysa Heroonu’nun Viyana’ya ve Nereidler An\u0131t\u0131’n\u0131n British Museum’a ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi devasa lojistik operasyonlar\u0131n ontolojik k\u0131r\u0131lmalar yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 savunulmaktad\u0131r. Bu olaylar, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel varl\u0131k alg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birincil seyahatnameler ve Osmanl\u0131 Ar\u015fivi (BOA) belgelerine dayanan ara\u015ft\u0131rma, s\u00f6z konusu s\u00fcrecin, Osman Hamdi Bey \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 1884 \u00c2s\u00e2r-\u0131 At\u00eeka Nizamn\u00e2mesi<\/em> ile zirveye ula\u015fan b\u00fcrokratik ve hukuki bir egemenlik refleksine nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak makale, metropol m\u00fczelerinin nesneyi ba\u011flam\u0131ndan koparma eylemi ile Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n filizlenen in situ koruma ideali aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermekte; Bat\u0131l\u0131 ke\u015fif faaliyetlerinin paradoksal bir \u015fekilde Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Anahtar Kelimeler: <\/strong>Arkeoloji Tarihyaz\u0131m\u0131, 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Seyyahlar\u0131, Lykia Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Varl\u0131k, Osmanl\u0131 \u00c2s\u00e2r-\u0131 At\u00eeka Mevzuat\u0131<\/p>\n

Analiz<\/p>\n

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