{"id":1351,"date":"2016-05-13T13:55:43","date_gmt":"2016-05-13T10:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/uncategorized\/003"},"modified":"2017-04-05T17:19:17","modified_gmt":"2017-04-05T14:19:17","slug":"pha-0018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/2016_en\/pha-0018","title":{"rendered":"Phaselis Merkezi (Kent) Liman\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><em>The Central Harbour of Phaselis<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Erdo\u011fan ASLAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"two_third\"><div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><em>PHASELIS<\/em> II (2016) 31-47.<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>DOI<\/strong>: <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.18367\/Pha.16003\" target=\"_blank\">10.18367\/Pha.16003<\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Received Date<\/strong>: 14.02.2016 | <strong>Acceptance Date<\/strong>: 17.03.2016<br \/>\n<strong>Online Publication Date<\/strong>:\u00a013.05.2016<br \/>\nCopyright \u00a9 PHASELIS Journal of Interdisciplinary Mediterranean Studies, 2016<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div class=\"divider_line\"><\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div class=\"one_third last\"><div id=\"framed_box_bc09296095ac456494c99887abafe0a2\" class=\"framed_box\">\n\t<div class=\"framed_box_content\">\n\t\t\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Pha.16003.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-45\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/pdf.jpg\" alt=\"pdf\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/>\u00a0 Get PDF<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/05\/Pha.16003.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-46\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/references.jpg\" alt=\"references\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/>\u00a0 View PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/info.jpg\" class=\"wp_lightbox\" rel=\"post_1351\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-44\" src=\"http:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/06\/info.jpg\" alt=\"info\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" \/><\/a>\u00a0 <b><a href=\"#refs\">References<\/a><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\t\t<div class=\"framed_box_space\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"clearboth\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00d6z<\/strong>: Pamphylia K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nin bat\u0131 sahilinde yer alan Phaselis, \u00fc\u00e7 limana sahiptir. Bu limanlardan biri olan ve kent akropolis\u2019inin kuzeyinde yer alan Merkezi Liman alan\u0131 bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Liman alan\u0131nda, limana ait mendirekler ve bu mendireklere ait sualt\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da blok bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca liman\u0131n gerisinde bir r\u0131ht\u0131m alan\u0131 ile \u00e7ok say\u0131da odadan olu\u015fan at\u00f6lye ve depolama alanlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hellenistik D\u00f6nem\u2019e tarihlendirilebilecek liman\u0131n, ba\u015flarda askeri bir liman olarak in\u015fa edildi\u011fi ancak ge\u00e7 antik\u00e7a\u011fda ticari faaliyetler i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde temel seviyesinde korunmu\u015f olan Phaselis Merkezi Liman mendirekleri i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken di\u011fer bir konu ise ne zaman ve neden y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 sorusudur. Liman\u0131n mendirekleri ve neredeyse tamam\u0131 bat\u0131 y\u00f6nde y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bloklar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir dalga ile tek seferde ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ne y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Anahtar S\u00f6zc\u00fckler:<\/strong> Phaselis \u2022 Liman \u2022 Mendirek \u2022 Sualt\u0131 \u2022 Palamar \u2022 Pamphylia<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"divider top\" style=\"border-color:rgba(194,205,216,1);padding-top:5px;margin-bottom:30px;border-bottom-width:1px\"><a href=\"#\">Top<\/a><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Abstract: <\/strong>Phaselis is located on the western coast of the Gulf of Pamphylia and has three ports. The subject of the present study is the central port located north of the city acropolis. There are breakwaters belonging to the port and numerous breakwater blocks underwater in the port. A dock, workplace and storages areas with many rooms are located behind the port. It is thought that the port, which dates back to the Hellenistic Period, was initially built as a military port, but it was subsequently also used for commer\u00accial activities in late antiquity. Another subject that should be examined concerns the breakwaters in the central port of Phaselis, these have been partially preserved, raising the question of when and why they were partially destroyed. Examination of the breakwaters of the port and their blocks, almost all of which were destroyed on the west side, suggests that they collapsed all at once in the same direction due to a strong sea wave.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Phaselis \u2022 Liman \u2022 Mendirek \u2022 Sualt\u0131 \u2022 Palamar \u2022 Pamphylia<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class=\"divider_padding\"><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a name=\"refs\"><\/a><div class=\"tabs_container\"><ul class=\"tabs\"><li><a href=\"#\">References<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#\">Cite This Article<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#\">Direct Link<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#\">About Author(s)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><div class=\"panes\"><div class=\"pane\"><p><strong>Ancient Sources<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cass. Dio<\/strong> (= Cassius Dio, Rhomaika) Kullan\u0131lan Metin ve \u00c7eviri: Cassius Dio, Roman History, vols. I-IX. Trans. E. Cary \u2013 H. B. Foster. London 1914-1927 (The Loeb Classical Library).<br \/>\n<strong>Strab.<\/strong> (= Strabon, Geographika) \u00a0Kullan\u0131lan Metin ve \u00c7eviri: Strabo, The Geography of Strabo. Trans. H. L. Jones. London &#8211; New York 1961 (The Loeb Classical Library).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Modern Literature<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>AA<\/strong> Arch\u00e4ologischer Anzeiger.<br \/>\n<strong>Akan 1996<\/strong> T. Akan, Archaeological Heritage Management For Conservation and Development Case Study: Phaselis. Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, Orta Do\u011fu Teknik \u00dcniversitesi. Ankara 1996.<br \/>\n<strong>Arslan \u2013 T\u00fcner \u00d6nen 2013<\/strong> M. Arslan \u2013 N. T\u00fcner \u00d6nen, \u201c2012 Y\u0131l\u0131 Phaselis Antik Kenti ve Teritoryumu Y\u00fczey Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\u201d. AST 31\/1 (2013) 78-89.<br \/>\n<strong>Arslan 2003<\/strong> M. Arslan, \u201c\u0130.\u00d6. 188 Y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u0130.\u00d6. 67 y\u0131l\u0131na Kadar Lykia, Pamphylia ve Kilikia Trakheia Sahillerindeki Korsanl\u0131k Faaliyetleri: Nedenleri ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d. Adalya VI (2003) 91-118.<br \/>\n<strong>Arslan et al. 2013<\/strong> M. Arslan, K. Demirta\u015f \u2013 N. T\u00fcner \u00d6nen, \u201cPhaselis ve Teritoryumu Y\u00fczey Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 2012\u201d. Anmed 11 (2013) 224-229.<br \/>\n<strong>Aslan \u2013 Baybo 2015<\/strong> E. Aslan \u2013 S. Baybo, \u201cPhaselis Kent Limanlar\u0131 ve Sualt\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6n De\u011ferlendirmesi\u201d. Phaselis I (2015) 1-17.<br \/>\n<strong>Aslan 2011<\/strong> E. Aslan, Kekova B\u00f6lgesi Limanlar\u0131. Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Doktora Tezi, Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcniversitesi. Konya 2011.<br \/>\n<strong>Aslan 2014<\/strong> E. Aslan, \u201cBithynia B\u00f6lgesi Kalpe Liman\u0131 (Port of Kalpe in the Bithynian Re-gion)\u201d. Olba XXII (2014) 129-154.<br \/>\n<strong>Bayburtluo\u011flu 1983<\/strong> C. Bayburtluo\u011flu, \u201c1982 Phaselis Kaz\u0131s\u0131 Raporu\u201d. KST V (1983) 181-189.<br \/>\n<strong>Bean 1968<\/strong> G. E. Bean, Turkey&#8217;s Southern Shore. London 1968.<br \/>\n<strong>Beaufort 1818<\/strong> F. Beaufort, Karamania or a Brief Description of the South Coast of Asia Minor and of the Remains of Antiquity. London 1818.<br \/>\n<strong>BJb<\/strong> Bonner Jahrb\u00fccher des Rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn und des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande. Bonn.<br \/>\n<strong>Bjorn 2011<\/strong> L. Bjorn, The Ancient Harbours of the Piraeus. Volume I. 1: The Zea Ships-heds and Slipways &#8211; Architecture and Topography. Athens 2011.<br \/>\n<strong>Blackman 1973<\/strong> D. J. Blackman, \u201cThe Harbours of Phaselis\u201d. IJNA 2\/2 (1973) 355-364.<br \/>\n<strong>Blackmann 1982<\/strong> D. J. Blackman, \u201cAncient Harbours in the Mediterranean\u201d. IJNA 11\/3 (1982) 185-221.<br \/>\n<strong>Blackmann 2008<\/strong> D. J. Blackman, \u201cSea Transport, Part 2: Harbors\u201d. Ed. J. P. Oleson, The Oxford Handbook Engineering and Technology in The Calassical World. Oxford (2008) 638-670.<br \/>\n<strong>Bouras 2014<\/strong> C. Bouras, \u201cOn the Urbanism of Roman Harbours: the Evolution of Space Organization in Harbours of the Aegean Sea\u201d. Byzas XIX\/2 (2014) 669- 682.<br \/>\n<strong>Casson 2002<\/strong> L. Casson, Antik \u00c7a\u011fda Denizcilik ve Gemiler. \u00c7ev. G. Ergin. \u0130stanbul 2002.<br \/>\n<strong>Dipova \u2013 Cangir 2011<\/strong> N. Dipova \u2013 B. Cangir, \u201cAntalya \u0130li Yerle\u015fim Alan\u0131n\u0131n Depremselli\u011finin Ara\u015f\u00act\u0131-r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d. Jeoloji M\u00fchendisli\u011fi Dergisi 35\/2 (2011) 93-114.<br \/>\n<strong>Doksanalt\u0131 \u2013 Aslan 2013<\/strong> E. M. Doksanalt\u0131 \u2013 E. Aslan, \u201cKaradeniz\u2019de Antik Bir Ada Yerle\u015fimi: Aretias-Khalkeritis Adas\u0131&#8221;. Ed. B. S\u00f6\u011f\u00fct, Stratonikeia\u2019dan Lagina\u2019ya &#8211; Ahmet Adil T\u0131rpan Arma\u011fan\u0131 &#8211; From Stratonikeia to Lagina &#8211; Festschrift in Honour of Ahmet Adil T\u0131rpan. \u0130stanbul (2013) 219-240.<br \/>\n<strong>Gerkan 1959<\/strong> A. von Gerkan, Von Antike Architektur und Topographie: Gesammelte Auf-s\u00e4tze. Ed. E. Boehringer. Stuttgart 1959.<br \/>\n<strong>Hadjidaki \u2013 Stefanakis 2004<\/strong> E. Hadjidaki \u2013 M. Stefanakis, \u201cSecrets of Phalasarna. Critiko Panorama\u201d. Mi-noa Editions (2004) 101-135.<br \/>\n<strong>IJNA<\/strong> The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater Explo-ration. Portsmouth.<br \/>\n<strong>Knoblauch 1969<\/strong> P. Knoblauch, \u201cNeuere Untersuchungen an den H\u00e4fen von \u00c4gina\u201d. BJb 169 (1969) 104-116.<br \/>\n<strong>Knoblauch 1972<\/strong> P. Knoblauch, \u201cDie Hafenanlagen der Stadt \u00c4gina\u201d. Adelt 27A (1972) 50-85.<br \/>\n<strong>Konecny 1997<\/strong> A. Konecny, Hellenistische Turmgeh\u00f6fte in Zentral-und Ostlykien, Vol. 2. Wien 1997.<br \/>\n<strong>Lehmann-Hartleben 1923<\/strong> K. Lehmann-Hartleben, Die Antiken Hafenanlagen des Mittelmeer. Aalen 1963.<br \/>\n<strong>Marksteiner 1997<\/strong> T. Marksteiner, Die befestigte Siedlung von Limyra: Studien zur vorr\u00f6misc-hen Wehrarchitektur und Siedlungsentwicklung in Lykien unter besonderer Ber\u00fccksichtigung der klassischen Periode, Vol. 1. Wien 1997.<br \/>\n<strong>Mengarelli 1900<\/strong> R. Mengarelli, \u201cTerracina. Pietro di ormeggio, scolpita, rinvenuta presso il molo dell\u2019antico porto\u201d. Notizie degli Scavi di Antichita (1900) 635-638.<br \/>\n<strong>Rollo 1934<\/strong> W. Rollo, &#8220;Ostia.&#8221; Greece and Rome 4\/10 (1934) 40-53.<br \/>\n<strong>Sch\u00e4fer et al. 1981<\/strong> J. Sch\u00e4fer, H. Schl\u00e4ger, D. J. Blackman, H. Bremer, J. Christern \u2013 P. Knoblauch, Phaselis, Beitr\u00e4ge zur Topographie und Geschichte der Stadt und ihrer H\u00e4fen. T\u00fcbingen 1981.<br \/>\n<strong>Schl\u00e4ger \u2013 Sch\u00e4fer 1971<\/strong> H. Schl\u00e4ger \u2013 J. Sch\u00e4fer, \u201cPhaselis Zur Topographie Der Stadt und Des Hafengebietes\u201d. AA 86 (1971) 542-561.<br \/>\n<strong>Shaw 1972<\/strong> W. J. Shaw, \u201cGreek and Roman Harbours Works\u201d. Ed. G. F. Bass, A History of Seafaring Based on Underwater Archaeology. London (1972) 87-102.<br \/>\n<strong>Stark 1956<\/strong> F. Stark, The Lycian Shore. London 1956.<br \/>\n<strong>\u015eahin 2013<\/strong> S. \u015eahin, Stadiasmus Patarensis: Likya Eyaleti Roma Yollar\u0131. Ed. S. \u015eahin \u2013 M. Adak. \u0130stanbul 2013.<br \/>\n<strong>Teodoulou \u2013 Memos 2007<\/strong> T. Theodoulou \u2013 C. Memos, \u201cA Voyage to Ancient Greek Harbours on Bo\u00acard Limenoscope\u201d. Water Science &amp; Technology: Water Supply 7\/1 (2007) 253-260.<br \/>\n<strong>Testaguzza 1964<\/strong> O. Testaguzza, \u201cThe Port of Rome\u201d. Archaeology 17\/3 (1964) 173-179.<br \/>\n<strong>Testaguzza 1970<\/strong> O. Testaguzza, Portus: illustrazione dei Porti di Claudio e Traiano e della citt\u00e0 di Porto a Fiumicino. Julia 1970.<br \/>\n<strong>T\u00fcner-\u00d6nen 2008<\/strong> N. T\u00fcner-\u00d6nen, Phaselis Antik Kenti ve Teritoryumu. Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Doktora Tezi, Akdeniz \u00dcniversitesi. Antalya 2008.<br \/>\n<strong>T\u00fcner-\u00d6nen 2012a<\/strong> N. T\u00fcner-\u00d6nen, \u201cIdeas Concerning the Historical Identity and the Connec-tions of the City of Phaselis an Eastern Mediterranean Port\u201d. MJH II\/I (2012) 205-212.<br \/>\n<strong>T\u00fcner-\u00d6nen 2012b<\/strong> N. T\u00fcner-\u00d6nen, \u201cYaz\u0131tlar I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Phaselis\u201d. Eds. K. D\u00f6rtl\u00fck, T. Kahya, R. B. Seyhan \u2013 T. Ertekin, Uluslararas\u0131 Gen\u00e7 Bilimciler Bulu\u015fmas\u0131 I: Anadolu Akdenizi Sempozyum Bildirileri 4-7 Kas\u0131m 2009. \u0130stanbul (2012) 479-488.<br \/>\n<strong>T\u00fcner-\u00d6nen 2013<\/strong> N. T\u00fcner-\u00d6nen, \u201cHadrians Reisen im \u00f6stlichen Mittelmeer anhand neuer Inschriften aus Phaselis\u201d. Adalya XVI (2013) 93-106.<br \/>\n<strong>Williams 1976<\/strong> P. F. C. Williams, \u201cRoman Harbours\u201d. IJNA 5\/1 (1976) 73-79.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><div class=\"pane\">E. Aslan, &#8220;Phaselis Merkezi (Kent) Liman\u0131&#8221;. <em>Phaselis<\/em> II (2016) 31-47. DOI: 10.18367\/Pha.16003<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><div class=\"pane\"><p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Permanent Link: <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.18367\/Pha.16003\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.18367\/Pha.16003<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/div><div class=\"pane\"><p><strong>Erdo\u011fan ASLAN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dr., Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcniversitesi, Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi, Arkeoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Sualt\u0131 Arkeolojisi Anabilim Dal\u0131, Konya. erdoganaslan@selcuk.edu.tr<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Central Harbour of Phaselis Erdo\u011fan ASLAN \u00d6z: Pamphylia K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nin bat\u0131 sahilinde yer alan Phaselis, \u00fc\u00e7 limana sahiptir. Bu limanlardan biri olan ve kent akropolis\u2019inin kuzeyinde yer alan Merkezi Liman alan\u0131 bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Liman alan\u0131nda, limana ait mendirekler ve bu mendireklere ait sualt\u0131nda \u00e7ok say\u0131da blok bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca liman\u0131n gerisinde bir r\u0131ht\u0131m alan\u0131 &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1289,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1351","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2016_en"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1351","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1351"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1351\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1380,"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1351\/revisions\/1380"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1351"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1351"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/journal.phaselis.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1351"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}