Barsine: Rhodoslu Mentor’dan Makedonialı İskender’e Uzanan Bir Hayat

Barsine: Rhodoslu Mentor’dan Makedonialı İskender’e Uzanan Bir Hayat

Barsine: An Extending Life from the Mentor of Rhodes to Alexander of Macedon

Sevgi SARIKAYA
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6780-786X

PHASELIS V (2019) 257-282
DOI: 10.18367/Pha.19017
Geliş Tarihi: 06.07.2019 | Kabul Tarihi: 01.08.2019
Elektronik Yayın Tarihi: 13.12.2019

Öz: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Barsine’nin yalnızca İskender’le kesişen yaşamıyla ilintili anlatılar ve ansiklopedik maddelerle sınırlı kalan hayatını bütün detaylarıyla kaleme almaktır. Gelişigüzel vurgulanmış, şans eseri korunmuş belgelerden Barsine’ye dair bilgilerin bölük pörçük olması kaçınılmazdır. Antik yargıların ve aşırı derecede yetersiz belgelerin tahrif edici süzgeci nedeniyle Barsine’nin kişiliğini ve bazı durumlar karşısında sergilediği davranışları bilmek mümkün değildir. Ancak yaşadığı dönemin çehresini değiştiren baş aktörlerden Daskyleion satrabı II. Artabazos’un kızı olması, Rhodoslu kardeşler Mentor ve Memnon’un eşi, Makedonia kralı İskender’in gözde kadını ve oğlu Herakles’in annesi olması Barsine’yi önemli kılmakta ve çağdaşı diğer kadınlardan ön plana çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Buna karşın Barsine antik kaynaklarda bu ünlü karakterlerin gölgesinde kalan silik bir siluetten ibarettir. Hayatındaki erkeklerin vesayeti altında sarsıcı deneyimler yaşamış ve kaçınılmaz olarak Barsine’nin hayatı bu adamların hikayelerinin anlatılarına indirgenmiştir. Barsine, babası Daskyleion satrabı olması nedeniyle MÖ yak. 357/356 yılında Daskyleion’da yani bugünkü Bandırma’da yer alan Ergili köyündeki Hisartepe’de dünyaya geldi. Hiçbir yerde uzun süre kalmadığından Barsine’nin aslında yersiz yurtsuz bir hayat sürdüğü anlaşılmaktadır. 48/47 yıl süren belirsizlik dolu, sıkıntılı ve inişli çıkışlı yaşamı esasen beş ayrı aşamada incelenebilir. MÖ 354/353 yılından 342 yılına kadar yaklaşık 14/15 yaşlarına kadar Makedonia’da geçen sürgün dönemi; MÖ 342 yılından 334 yılına kadar Troas’ta Mentor ve ardından Memnon’la gerçekleşen evlilik hayatı; MÖ 333 yılında Damaskos’ta esaretten İskender’in odalığına yükselişi; MÖ yak. 327 ya da 324 yılından 309 yılına kadar Herakles’le birlikte Pergamon’da gözden uzak süren yaşamı ve son olarak da MÖ 309 yılında Makedonia’ya çağrılıp orada oğlu Herakles’le birlikte zehirlenerek sona erdirilen/katledilen hayatı.

Anahtar sözcükler: Barsine, II. Artabazos, Mentor, Memnon, İskender, Herakles

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Abstract: The purpose of this article is an attempt to analyze in detail the life of Barsine, which was limited only to narratives of Alexander’s life and encyclopedic articles. The information about Barsine can only be fragmentary, based on episodes randomly highlighted in the literary tradition or scattering of documentary evidence preserved by chance. Due to the distorting filter of ancient judgments and extremely insufficient documents, It is not possible to know the personality and behavior of Barsine in some situations. However, Barsine was one of the significant female figures of the period. Because she was the daughter of Artabazus II, satrap of Dascylium, and the wife in turn of Mentor and Memnon of Rhodian brothers, and a favorite woman of Alexander the Great and the mother of Heracles son of Alexander. On the other hand, Barsine consists of a faint silhouette that is overshadowed by these famous people in ancient sources and Barsine’s life is inevitably reduced to the narratives of these men’s stories. When Barsine was born, her father was the satrap of Dascylium. Therefore Barsine was probably born in Dascylium (Hisartepe) in 357 or 356 BC, about the same time as Alexander. Since Barsine did not live anywhere for a long time, it is understood that Barsine actually lived out-of-place life. Barsine’s life can be analyzed in five stages: She lived in exile in Macedonia from 354/353 to 342 BC until the age of 14/15; married to Mentor and Memnon from 342 to 334 BC during which she probably stayed in Troia; she was captured at Damascus and became the mistress of Alexander in 333 BC; she retired to Pergamum with Heracles from 327 or 324 to 309 BC, and finally she was recalled to Macedonia and there killed by poison together with his son Heracles in 309 BC.

Keywords: Barsine, Artabazus II, Mentor, Memnon, Alexander, Heracles

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S. Sarıkaya “Barsine: Rhodoslu Mentor’dan Makedonialı İskender’e Uzanan Bir Hayat”. Phaselis V (2019) 257-282 http://dx.doi.org/10.18368/Pha.19017

http://dx.doi.org/10.18368/Pha.19017

Sevgi SARIKAYA

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü. Kampüs, Sakarya. E-posta: sevgisarkaya@gmail.com