Piracy Activities along the Eastern Black Sea Coasts in Antiquity, and a People who Made their Living by Pirating: Heniochi

Piracy Activities along the Eastern Black Sea Coasts in Antiquity, and a People who Made their Living by Pirating: Heniochi

Antikçağda Karadeniz’in Doğu Kıyıları’nda Korsanlık Faaliyetleri ve Korsanlıkla Geçinen bir Halk: Heniokhoi

Osman EMİR
 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-3869

PHASELIS VIII (2022) 83-95
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6954297
Geliş Tarihi: 09.06.2022 | Kabul Tarihi: 20.07.2022
Elektronik Yayın Tarihi: 02.08.2022

Abstract: Sea piracy activities in the ancient history emerged and developed with the increasing international maritime trade. Piracy in the Black Sea also increased during the Great Colonization Period (750-550 B.C.), when commerce gained significant momentum between communities, and this situation affected the region’s economic and political activity. However, piracy activities in the Black Sea were never as active as piracy in the Mediterranean waters.
Modern literature has few ancient historical studies conducted on piracy activities in the Black Sea waters. These works have usually focused on the Classical and Hellenistic period Black Sea pirates and their actions. The present study first discusses the factors pushing the emergence and development of piracy activity in the Black Sea coastlines and evaluates various pirate communities in this area. Then, from the perspectives of the Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman periods, piracy in the Black Sea and the relations of the pirates with the surrounding states are evaluated. Finally, the study focuses on how the powers that want to establish political dominance in the Black Sea benefited from the piracy activities in the Black Sea.

Keywords: Antiquity, Piracy, Black Sea, Heniochi, Trade

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Öz: Deniz ticareti ve bu ticaretin uluslararası alanda büyümesi denizlerde korsanlık faaliyetlerinin ortaya çıkması ve gelişmesindeki başat unsur olmuştur. Karadeniz’deki korsanlık faaliyetleri de ticaretin önemli bir ivme yakaladığı Büyük Kolonizasyon Dönemi’nde (MÖ 750-550) artış göstermiş ve bu durum bölgedeki ekonomik ve siyasi hareketliliği etkilemiştir. Ancak Karadeniz’deki korsanlık faaliyetleri hiçbir zaman Akde­niz’deki korsan eylemleri kadar etkili olmamıştır.
Modern literatürde antikçağda Karadeniz’de korsanlıkla ilgili oldukça sınırlı sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bunlar da genel olarak Klasik ve Hellenistik dönemlerde Karadeniz’de korsanlıkla ilgilenen halklar ve onların eylemleri üzerine yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise ilk olarak Karadeniz’de korsanlığın ortaya çıkması ve gelişmesine etki eden faktörler ele alınacaktır. Ardından Karadeniz’de korsanlıkla ilgilenen halklar ve bu halkları korsanlığa iten nedenler tartışılacaktır. Daha sonra Klasik, Hellenistik ve Roma dönemlerinde Karadeniz’de korsanlığa bakış açısı ve korsanlık faaliyetlerinde bulunan halkların çevre devletlerle olan ilişkileri değerlen­dirilecektir. Son olarak da Karadeniz’de siyasi hâkimiyet kurmak isteyen güçlerin Karadeniz’deki korsanlık faaliyetlerinden ne şekilde yararlandıkları üzerinde durulacaktır.

Anahtar sözcükler: Antikçağ, Korsanlık, Karadeniz, Heniokhoi, Ticaret

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Emir O. 2022, “Piracy Activities Along the Eastern Black Sea Coasts in Antiquity, and A People Who Made Their Living By Pirating: Heniochoi”. Phaselis VIII, 83-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6954297

http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6954297

Osman EMİR
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, Eski Çağ Anabilim Dalı, Trabzon. osmanemir1461@gmail.com |  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-3869